Sources & methodology

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Red Sea Global, 1 Oct 2026Red Sea Global receives AMAALA Marina & Shura Marina operator licenses, marking a new chapter for yachting in the Red Sea
2. Red Sea GlobalThe Red Sea (destination page)
3. البحر الأحمر الدوليةوجهة البحر الأحمر (صفحة الوجهة)
4. Public Investment FundThe Red Sea (giga-project page)
5. Public Investment Fund, 31 Jul 2017Red Sea Project (launch press release)
6. Red Sea Global, 18 May 2026Four Seasons at Shura Island Welcomes First Guests
7. The New Arab, 13 Feb 2026Saudi Arabia downscales flagship Red Sea giga-project (AFP)
8. AGBIAGBI Giga-Projects Tracker: The Red Sea
9. WikipediaRed Sea International Airport (coordinates only)
10. WikipediaCoordinates

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Red Sea Global, 1 Oct 2026Red Sea Global receives AMAALA Marina & Shura Marina operator licenses, marking a new chapter for yachting in the Red Sea
2. Red Sea Global, 16 Sep 2026Red Sea Global announces the opening of Jayasom Wellness Resort advancing AMAALA's wellness vision
3. Red Sea GlobalAMAALA (destination page)
4. البحر الأحمر الدوليةأمالا (صفحة الوجهة)
5. Public Investment FundAMAALA (giga-project page)
6. Public Investment Fund, 26 Sep 2018PIF unveils AMAALA
7. Red Sea Global, 11 Nov 2025Red Sea Global announces the opening of AMAALA: The world's new coastal lifestyle destination
8. AGBIAGBI Giga-Projects Tracker: Amaala
9. The New Arab, 13 Feb 2026Saudi Arabia downscales flagship Red Sea giga-project (AFP)
10. WikipediaAmaala (coordinates only)

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Public Investment Fund (PIF)جزيرة سندالة في نيوم أول وجهة بحرية فاخرة لمستقبل السياحة الجديد
2. Public Investment Fund (PIF)NEOM's island destination to showcase the future of luxury travel
3. AAP, 6 Dec 2022HRH Prince Mohammed bin Salman announces Sindalah, NEOM's first island development (NEOM press release via PR Newswire)
4. Zawya (Reuters), 19 Jun 2026Red Sea Global aims to bring troubled Saudi luxury island 'back to life' (Reuters)
5. AGBIDeserted island: what happened at Sindalah and what's next
6. Semafor, 7 Jun 2026Exclusive: Saudi's NEOM faces $16 billion bill to cancel contracts
7. SaudipediaSindalah Island
8. WikipediaSindalah

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. NEOMذا لاين: مستقبل حضري محاط بالطبيعة
2. NEOMTHE LINE: A New Urban Future
3. Public Investment Fund (PIF), 25 Jul 2022Saudi Arabia's NEOM to deliver urban community of the future at THE LINE
4. Al Arabiya English, 10 Jan 2021Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince reveals project The Line in futuristic city of NEOM
5. Semafor, 22 May 2026Exclusive: Saudi's NEOM halts work on The Line until after 2030
6. Semafor, 7 Jun 2026Exclusive: Saudi's NEOM faces $16 billion bill to cancel contracts
7. Argaam, 15 Apr 2026PIF Governor says no projects canceled in NEOM so far
8. Al Arabiya English, 15 Apr 2026PIF's al-Rumayyan says no NEOM projects cancelled, spending priorities reassessed
9. The New Arab, 25 Jan 2026Saudi Arabia to scale back flagship NEOM project: report (citing the Financial Times)
10. AGBINeom giga-project rewrites pitch for 'The Line'
11. AGBINeom cancels rail link between Oxagon and The Line
12. AGBI, 26 Mar 2026Neom cancels $5bn Trojena dam and lake contract
13. AGBIPIF's new strategy focuses on returns and attracting investment
14. Middle East Eye, 4 Oct 2026Saudi Arabia shelves $2.5bn Neom stadium planned for 2034 World Cup, report says
15. Saudi Gazette, 15 May 2025Al-Mudaifer named NEOM CEO after months as acting chief
16. WikipediaThe Line, Saudi Arabia

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. NEOMأوكساچون
2. NEOMOxagon: An advanced and clean industrial city
3. Saudi Vision 2030 (SPA), 16 Nov 2021HRH Crown Prince Announces Establishment of OXAGON, Largest Floating Industrial Complex in the World
4. WorldCargo News, 18 Sep 2026Can NEOM Terminal 1 ramp up fast enough to capture Hormuz-driven cargo?
5. DatacenterDynamics (DCD), 7 Sep 2026Humain breaks ground on Neom's Oxagon data center
6. AGBINeom pushes back container terminal ramp-up into 2027
7. AGBINeom cancels rail link between Oxagon and The Line
8. Argaam, 15 Apr 2026PIF Governor says no projects canceled in NEOM so far
9. Semafor, 22 May 2026Exclusive: Saudi's NEOM halts work on The Line until after 2030
10. Semafor, 7 Jun 2026Exclusive: Saudi's NEOM faces $16 billion bill to cancel contracts
11. AGBINeom restructure part of Saudi's Vision 2030 shake-up
12. Wikipedia via Kiwix mirrorOxagon (English Wikipedia article, January 2024 snapshot)
13. WikipediaNeom

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. NEOM, 7 Nov 2023«نيوم للهيدروجين الأخضر» تتسلّم الدفعة الأولى من 250 توربينا لتشغيل المصنع الجديد
2. NEOM, 7 Nov 2023First major delivery of wind turbines reaches NEOM Green Hydrogen Company site
3. ACWA PowerNEOM Green Hydrogen Project
4. MEED, 14 Aug 2026Construction completed on $8.5bn Neom hydrogen project
5. pv magazine, 14 Aug 2026The Hydrogen Stream: Commissioning begins for 2.2 GW NEOM H2 project in Saudi Arabia
6. Middle East Construction News, 17 Aug 2026Acwa Power completes construction on a green hydrogen project in NEOM
7. Air Products / U.S. SEC, 30 Jul 2026Air Products fiscal Q3 2026 earnings release (Form 8-K, Exhibit 99.1)
8. AGBI, 5 Feb 2026Saudi Neom green hydrogen project nears completion
9. SaudipediaNEOM Green Hydrogen Project
10. Semafor, 7 Jun 2026Exclusive: Saudi's NEOM faces $16 billion bill to cancel contracts
11. Global Energy Monitor (GEM.wiki)NEOM Green Hydrogen wind farm
12. Wikipedia via Kiwix mirrorOxagon (English Wikipedia article, January 2024 snapshot)
13. Global Energy MonitorCoordinates

Last verified 14 Oct 2026

1. NEOMتروجينا: جبال نيوم
2. NEOMTrojena: The Mountains of NEOM
3. Public Investment Fund (PIF), 3 Mar 2022NEOM's new TROJENA development to offer outdoor skiing in Saudi Arabia
4. Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)Saudi Olympic and Paralympic Committee, OCA Set New Path for Asian Winter Games
5. The New Arab, 24 Jan 2026Saudi Arabia, OCA agree to postpone 2029 Asian Winter Games
6. The Peninsula, 24 Jan 20262029 Asian Winter Games in Saudi Arabia postponed (AFP)
7. Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), 5 Feb 2026Olympic Council of Asia Signs Host City Contract for the 2029 Asian Winter Games in Almaty
8. Dezeen, 6 Feb 2026Almaty officially replaces Neom as host of 2029 Asian Winter Games
9. Webuild, 25 Mar 2026Update on Trojena contract in Saudi Arabia (Neom)
10. AGBI, 26 Mar 2026Neom cancels $5bn Trojena dam and lake contract
11. Semafor, 22 May 2026Exclusive: Saudi's NEOM halts work on The Line until after 2030
12. Semafor, 7 Jun 2026Exclusive: Saudi's NEOM faces $16 billion bill to cancel contracts
13. Argaam, 15 Apr 2026PIF Governor says no projects canceled in NEOM so far
14. AGBINeom restructure part of Saudi's Vision 2030 shake-up
15. AGBIPIF's new strategy focuses on returns and attracting investment
16. WikipediaTrojena
17. OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)Trojena (way 1216974546)

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. الهيئة الملكية لمحافظة العلامخطط "رحلة عبر الزمن"
2. Royal Commission for AlUlaJourney Through Time Masterplan
3. وكالة الأنباء السعودية (واس), 7 Apr 2021سمو ولي العهد يطلق الرؤية التصميمية "رحلة عبر الزمن" ضمن برنامج تطوير العلا
4. Skift, 23 Jun 2026AlUla Is Tripling Its Hotel Rooms to Chase 1 Million Visitors by 2030
5. Arab News, 7 Apr 2021The Journey Through Time: A master plan for preserving and sustainably developing Saudi Arabia's ancient AlUla
6. AGBIAGBI Giga-Projects Tracker: AlUla
7. WikipediaAl-Ula (coordinates only)

Last verified 14 Oct 2026

1. رؤى المدينة القابضةرؤى المدينة القابضة (الصفحة الرئيسية)
2. Rua Al Madinah HoldingRua Al Madinah Holding (home page)
3. Public Investment FundRua Al Madinah Holding Company (portfolio page)
4. Saudi Vision 2030, 24 Aug 2022HRH Crown Prince Launches Infrastructure Works and Master Plan for Rua Al Madinah Project
5. Arab News, 24 Aug 2022Saudi crown prince launches Rua Al-Madinah project near Prophet's Mosque
6. Rua Al Madinah Holding, 31 Mar 2026Under the Patronage of HRH the Governor of Madinah Region Rua Al Madinah Holding Launches Districts and Pathways Naming within Rua Al Madinah Project
7. Zawya, 9 Apr 2026Rua Al Madinah awards $2bln contract for superblock five project
8. Saudi Press Agency, 7 Feb 2024Rua Al Madinah Holding Signs Contracts worth over 300 Million to Drive Progress of Rua Al Madinah Project
9. AGBIAGBI Giga-Projects Tracker: Rua Al Madinah
10. WikipediaProphet's Mosque (coordinates only)
11. OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)رؤى المدينة (way 458178700)

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. السودة للتطويرعن قمم السودة
2. Soudah DevelopmentSoudah Peaks (project page)
3. Soudah DevelopmentSoudah Peaks FAQ
4. Public Investment Fund, 4 Jan 2026Soudah Development and National Grid sign SAR 1.3 billion agreement to power Soudah Peaks
5. Public Investment Fund, 23 Feb 2021PIF launches Soudah Development Company (SDC)
6. Public Investment FundSoudah Development (portfolio page)
7. Arab News, 25 Sep 2023Saudi crown prince launches masterplan for new 'Soudah Peaks' luxury tourism project
8. MEED, 31 Jan 2024Saudi Arabia set to tender Soudah Peaks in Q3
9. MEED, 3 Jul 2025Soudah Peaks outlines project construction plans
10. MEED, 3 Dec 2025SEC signs SR1.3bn deal for Soudah Peaks power works
11. MENAFN (Mid-East Info), 9 Sep 2026Soudah Development To Participate At First-Ever WTM Spotlight Riyadh
12. WikipediaJabal Soudah (coordinates only)

Last verified 14 Oct 2026

1. Public Investment Fund, 8 Apr 2021Solar PV project
2. Public Investment Fund, 8 Apr 2021سدير للطاقة الشمسية
3. ACWA Power, 15 Aug 2021ACWA Power announces financial close for 1500 MW Sudair solar plant and Aramco joining the consortium under PIF renewables program
4. Argaam, 3 Jan 2024ACWA Power starts Sudair Solar PV phase 3 commercial operation
5. EnterpriseAM, 4 Jan 2024ACWA Power starts commercial operations at final phase of Sudair solar plant
6. Arab News, 30 Oct 2023ACWA Power expands Sudair Solar PV with 25% capacity boost
7. ACWA PowerSudair PV IPP
8. WikipediaList of photovoltaic power stations
9. OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)سدير للطاقة الشمسية — Sudair PV IPP (way 1317477364)

Last verified 14 Oct 2026

1. Public Investment Fund (PIF)مدينة القدية
2. Public Investment Fund (PIF)Qiddiya | A destination for entertainment, sports, and culture
3. Qiddiya Investment CompanyQiddiya Investment Company (home page)
4. Al Arabiya English, 8 Apr 2017Prince Mohammed bin Salman announces Saudi plans for largest entertainment city
5. Arab News, 30 Dec 2025Saudi Arabia’s Qiddiya City opens Six Flags theme park
6. Blooloop, 2 Jan 2026Six Flags Qiddiya City opens in Saudi Arabia
7. Saudi Press Agency (SPA), 3 Apr 2026سياحة وترفيه / أكواريبيا مدينة القدية تفتح أبوابها رسميًّا لاستقبال الزوار في 23 أبريل 2026
8. Qiddiya City (press release), 1 Apr 2026Aquarabia Qiddiya City Officially Welcomes Visitors on April 23
9. Arab News, 23 Apr 2026Aquarabia, Middle East’s largest water park, opens to public
10. AGBI, 12 Feb 2026Qiddiya plans race ahead despite giga-project rollback
11. AGBIAGBI Giga-Projects Tracker: Qiddiya
12. SaudipediaQiddiya Project
13. WikipediaQiddiya City
14. OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)Six Flags مدينة القدية (way 1554323845)

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Diriyah Companyشركة الدرعية
2. Diriyah CompanyDiriyah Company (home page, masterplan figures)
3. Public Investment Fund (PIF)Diriyah Company | Reviving Saudi Heritage
4. Diriyah (official visitor site)Diriyah Vision
5. Diriyah (official visitor site)Plan Your Visit to Diriyah
6. UNESCO World Heritage CentreAt-Turaif District in ad-Dir'iyah
7. Diriyah Company, 22 Jul 2026Diriyah During the First Half of 2026, Continues Shaping the Future with the Launch of the "Grand Avenue" and the Signing of Contracts Worth SAR 4.9 Billion
8. Diriyah Company, 5 Oct 2026Diriyah Company Announces $727.9 Million Construction Contracts to Advance Hospitality and Residential Development in Flagship Diriyah Square
9. AGBIDiriyah completion date now 2030
10. MEED, 17 Feb 2025Diriyah CEO sets the record straight
11. AGBIAGBI Giga-Projects Tracker: Diriyah

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. New Murabba Development Companyالمربع الجديد
2. New Murabba Development CompanyNew Murabba (home page)
3. AGBIAGBI Giga-Projects Tracker: New Murabba
4. AGBIRiyadh’s New Murabba to stretch past Vision 2030 into 2040
5. Gulf Business (republishing Reuters), 27 Jan 2026Saudi suspends Mukaab skyscraper as PIF reassesses spending (Reuters report)
6. MEED, 28 Jan 2026New Murabba approaches contractors for Mukaab towers
7. EnterpriseAM, 2 Jun 2026THIS MORNING: Mukaab’s next phase to move forward?
8. MEED, 31 Aug 2026New Murabba replaces CEO
9. International Finance, 2 Sep 2026Saudi Arabia’s New Murabba replaces CEO as PIF rethinks giga-projects
10. Funds Global MENA, 2 Sep 2026PIF replaces British CEO of $50bn New Murabba project
11. WikipediaNew Murabba
12. WikipediaMukaab

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. KAFD Development & Management Companyمركز الملك عبدالله المالي
2. KAFD Development & Management CompanyAbout KAFD
3. KAFD Development & Management Company, 12 Sep 2026KAFD Welcomes Atheel Hotel, a New Addition to its Luxury Hospitality Offering
4. KAFD Development & Management Company, 15 Jun 2026KAFD DMC Secures SAR 12 Billion Facility as Further Development Marches Ahead
5. Arab News, 8 Mar 2007Master Plan for King Abdullah Financial District Approved
6. Zawya (via TradingView), 6 Oct 2026ZAWYA: Riyadh’s flexible workspace market enters rapid expansion phase: JLL
7. Royal Commission for Riyadh City (RCRC), 13 Oct 2026معالي الرئيس التنفيذي للهيئة: العاصمة تشهد مرحلة جديدة من التنمية الشاملة بقيادة سمو ولي العهد
8. WikipediaKing Abdullah Financial District
9. WikipediaPublic Investment Fund Tower

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Royal Commission for Riyadh City (RCRC), 13 Oct 2026معالي الرئيس التنفيذي للهيئة: العاصمة تشهد مرحلة جديدة من التنمية الشاملة بقيادة سمو ولي العهد
2. MEED, 30 Sep 2026King Salman Park prepares for soft opening
3. Arab News, 19 Mar 2019Saudi capital to get world’s biggest park in $23bn project
4. ArchDaily, 18 Feb 2026King Salman Park Advances Toward 2026 Opening on Former Riyadh Airbase
5. WikipediaKing Salman Park

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Sports Boulevard Foundationالمسار الرياضي: وجهة الرياض الأولى للرياضة والترفيه والاستثمار
2. Sports Boulevard FoundationSports Boulevard: Riyadh's Premier Destination for Entertainment, Wellness & Investment
3. Sports Boulevard Foundation, 10 Aug 2026Sports Boulevard Announces Investment Fund exceeding $186M to Develop Private Real Estate Assets in Urban Wadi
4. Sports Boulevard Foundation via PR Newswire, 12 Aug 2026Sports Boulevard Announces Real Estate Investment Fund Worth More Than US$186 Million For Luxury Hotel in Riyadh city
5. Sports Boulevard Foundation, 26 Feb 2025Opening of The First Phase of the Sports Boulevard Project
6. Arab News, 19 Mar 2019Saudi capital to get world’s biggest park in $23bn project
7. SaudipediaList of the Sports Boulevard Project Destinations
8. WikipediaPrincess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University
9. WikipediaSports Boulevard
10. OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)المسار الرياضي (relation 20003261): منتزه الرمال الرياضي والبرومينيد
11. OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)جسر المسار الرياضي (way 1475053271)

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. ROSHN GroupSEDRA
2. ROSHN Groupسدرة
3. ROSHN GroupROSHN
4. MEED, 3 Jul 2026Roshn Group begins second-phase home handovers at Sedra
5. Public Investment Fund, 19 Aug 2020ROSHN
6. Arab News, 6 Dec 2020PIF’s real estate developer breaks ground on flagship Riyadh project
7. WikipediaSedra (Riyadh)

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Public Investment Fund, 27 Nov 2022King Salman International Airport
2. Public Investment Fund, 27 Nov 2022مطار الملك سلمان الدولي
3. Argaam (citing SPA), 30 Dec 2025مطار الملك سلمان الدولي يدشن أعمال إنشاء المَدرج الثالث ضمن خطته لتعزيز الكفاءة التشغيلية
4. MEED, 14 Jul 2026Contractors win $213m King Salman airport package deal
5. MEED, 9 Jan 2025Construction works start on King Salman airport
6. EnterpriseAM, 15 Jul 2026Terminal 6 at King Salman airport gets SAR 800 mn construction package
7. Saudi Press Agency, 10 Oct 2026GACA: Attack Targets King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Operations Temporarily Suspended
8. WikipediaKing Salman International Airport

Last verified 14 Oct 2026

1. Bureau International des Expositions (BIE)Expo 2030 Riyadh
2. Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), 30 Nov 2023173rd General Assembly of the BIE
3. Expo 2030 Riyadh Companyإكسبو 2030 الرياض
4. Expo 2030 Riyadh CompanyExpo 2030 Riyadh
5. MEED, 14 Jul 2026Expo 2030 Riyadh construction gathers pace
6. AGBI (via Reuters), 22 Apr 2026New contract advances work at Riyadh Expo 2030 site
7. Argaam, 4 Feb 2026Expo 2030 Riyadh: Main site construction to break ground in Q3 2026
8. OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL)الرياض إكسبو 2030 (way 1230049020)
9. Dezeen, 4 Sep 2025LAVA unveils masterplan "anchored firmly in nature" for Expo 2030 Riyadh

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Royal Commission for Riyadh Cityمشروع الملك عبدالعزيز للنقل العام بمدينة الرياض
2. Royal Commission for Riyadh City, 13 Oct 2026RCRC CEO: The Capital Is Witnessing a New Phase of Comprehensive Development Under the Crown Prince’s Leadership
3. Royal Commission for Riyadh City, 14 May 2026Launch of Operations at Riyadh Metro’s Western Station
4. SaudipediaRiyadh Metro
5. MEED, 2 Feb 2026Contractors submit Riyadh Metro Line 7 bids
6. Gulf Business, 13 Jan 2026Riyadh Metro extension: Five new stations announced
7. Asharq Al-Awsat, 5 Jan 2025«قطار الرياض» يصل إلى آخر محطاته بافتتاح «المسار البرتقالي»
8. WikipediaSTC metro station

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Royal Commission for Riyadh Cityبرنامج الرياض الخضراء
2. Royal Commission for Riyadh CityGreen Riyadh Program
3. Royal Commission for Riyadh City, 13 Oct 2026RCRC CEO: The Capital Is Witnessing a New Phase of Comprehensive Development Under the Crown Prince’s Leadership
4. WikipediaRiyadh

Last verified 13 Oct 2026

1. Royal Commission for Riyadh City (Riyadh Art)الرياض آرت
2. Royal Commission for Riyadh City (Riyadh Art)About Riyadh Art
3. Royal Commission for Riyadh City (Riyadh Art)Riyadh Art
4. Royal Commission for Riyadh City, 15 Apr 2026Riyadh Art Unveils 75 Works Across the Capital
5. Arab News, 16 Apr 2026Riyadh Art expands public art collection with new works
6. Arab News, 9 Mar 2026Riyadh to install 25 new public artworks after conclusion of Tuwaiq Sculpture symposium
7. WikipediaRiyadh